2024 Maritime Digest of Arbitration Awards and Court Rulings
ELECTRONIC BILLS OF LADING . . .BIMCO’s new charter party clause for electronic bills of lading provides a contractual solution for the creation, transfer and surrender of electronic bills. The clause states: “(A) AT THE CHARTERERS’ OPTION, BILLS OF LADING, WAYBILLS AND DELIVERY ORDERS REFERRED TO IN THIS CHARTER PARTY SHALL BE ISSUED, SIGNED AND TRANSMITTED IN ELECTRONIC FORM WITH THE SAME EFFECT AS THEIR PAPER EQUIVALENT. (B) FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUB-CLAUSE (A) THE OWNERS SHALL SUBSCRIBE TO AND USE ELECTRONIC (PAPERLESS) TRADING SYSTEMS AS DIRECTED BY THE CHARTERERS, PROVIDED SUCH SYSTEMS ARE APPROVED BY THE INTERNATIONAL GROUP OF...
AMWELSH -- CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION -- LIABILITY FOR PORT CHARGES -- Final Owner Award
This dispute arose under a voyage charter in determining the party responsible for paying the port charges at the discharge port. At issue is the interpretation of an amended clause alleged to be in contravention to the intention of the deal.
NYPE -- TIME CHARTER -- PERFORMANCE SUSPENDED FOR UNPAID HIRE -- WHETHER OWNER REQUIRED TO SERVE ANTI-TECHNICALITY NOTICE -- WHETHER OWNER ENTITLED TO EXERCISE LIEN ON CARGO -- Owner Award
This dispute arose under a trip charter from U.S. to China, where Owner suspended performance of contract due to outstanding hire, resulting in delays to discharge and additional hire until the redelivery date as Owner ordered the vessel to anchorage to wait. Charterer refused to pay the additional hire claiming that the vessel was off-hire during time spent at anchorage and Owner was liable for damages by depriving Charterer of service.
NYPE -- TIME CHARTER -- LATE DELIVERY AND CREW CHANGE -- FAILURE TO PAY HIRE -- RIGHT TO WITHDRAW VESSEL -- REPUDIATORY BREACH -- DAMAGES -- Owner Award
Charterer failed to make several hire payments and failed to reimburse bunker costs causing the Owner to withdraw the Vessel on the basis of Charterer’s repudiatory breach. Conversely, Charterer claimed that Owner’s withdrawal was improper because it was not in compliance with the governing term and asserted that Owner was in repudiatory breach by not following their voyage orders. Charterer counterclaimed for damages owing to the Vessel’s late delivery causing a missed cargo opportunity and rejected liability for hire when Owner failed to follow their voyage orders.
GENCON -- BERTH CHARTER -- VESSEL DELAYED REACHING LOAD PORT OWING TO ICE -- WHETHER NOTICE OF READINESS VALID -- ERRONEOUS OVERPAYMENT -- LAW OF RESTITUTION -- Partial Charterer Award
This dispute arose under a voyage charter fixed to load end-January at Rostov-on-Don, Russia wherein a special Ice Clause was incorporated. The Vessel subsequently incurred excessive delays reaching the load port owing to ice, both at the ice edge and while in the ice. The validity of the Vessel’s Notice of Readiness tendered from the anchorage where she was ordered (400 miles from the port) was also at issue. Owner brought arbitration proceedings to collect outstanding demurrage or, alternatively, damages for detention; and, Charterer counterclaimed for an erroneous overpayment.
NYPE -- TIME CHARTER -- SPEED AND PERFORMANCE -- BOTTOM FOULING -- RISK UNDER DIRECT CONTINUATION -- STEVEDORE DAMAGE -- Partial Owner Award
Under the first trip charter the Vessel was forced to remain at the loadport anchorage for 48 days before sailing to the discharge port. Due to the extended delay, the high temperature waters caused bottom fouling that impacted her performance under two separate charters that were in direct continuation. At issue is whether the Owner breached the performance warranty under both trip charters and who is responsible for the hull cleaning costs.
These charts represent freight rate trends (USD/M.T.) over a three-year period for 1,000 M.T. lots of easy liquid chemicals between Houston, Rotterdam, Mediterranean, Brazil, Latin America, Asia Pacific and Kandla. Data provided by New England Tanker Chartering, Inc. (NETCO).
TIME CHARTER -- INJURIOUS CARGO DEFINED -- DEBRIS IN PUMPS AND TANKS -- Charterer Award
Under a time charter contract, the Vessel loaded a cargo of LNG for the Charterer’s account. After the operation, it was reported that debris could have been introduced into the cargo tanks, however nothing was noticeably wrong at the time. During the course of the following voyages, intermittent problems accumulated until the Vessel had to undergo extensive repairs. Owner blamed the Charterer’s cargo and filed a damages claim to recover their losses.
EBOLA VIRUS . . . Ebola has caused more than 3,300 deaths in west Africa, predominantly in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and more recently in Nigeria. This pandemic impacts shipping contracts and as well as individual Port State Control (PSC) guidelines for vessels arriving from Ebola infected countries. In general, PSC checks a vessel’s last 10 ports of call and grants approval for disembarkation of crew and guards provided 21 days have elapsed since the Vessel’s call to an affected country. Vessels that have confirmed cases of ebola on board are placed in quarantine. Contracts treat this delay differently based on the...
CONTAINER DEMURRAGE -- DOCTRINE OF LACHES -- STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS -- DELAYED PROCEEDINGS -- INTEREST CALCULATION -- Plaintiff Award
The Claimant’s container sat at the discharge port for a period of 4 years. During that time they issued 13 demurrage claims contemporaneously to the Cargo Merchant for the container’s running delay. However, the Defendant never paid, so once the container was returned by Customs, the Claimant brought admiralty action against the Defendant to recover those outstanding funds. As this was several years after the voyage (and a number of these claims), the Merchant argued that these claims were barred by laches.
